United States
Understanding career confidence in the United States
Workforce Confidence Index
The Workforce Confidence Index is a biweekly survey of LinkedIn members that measures how they feel about the job market, their financial statuses, and advancing their careers. This survey allows us to build solutions that create economic opportunity for all.
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United States | November 2023
Nationally, across all industries, hiring is up 4.1% in October 2023 compared to September 2023. Hiring is down 13.3% year-over-year, the smallest decline since September 2022. While the pace of hiring has yet to stabilize, these positive trends are a bright spot after a summer of hiring declines.
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United States | October 2023
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United States | September 2023
Nationally, hiring declined 3.6% in August compared to July, making it the third month in a row of hiring declines after small gains in late spring. In another sign of labor market cooling, August’s year-over-year (-23.8%) declines took a step back as compared to last year, but still outperformed the first 5 months of this year. Despite hiring declines, US members' confidence in finding or holding a job matched its 5-month high in our latest Workforce Confidence Index.
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United States | August 2023
Nationally, hiring declined 3.3% in July compared to June. While we are seeing some improvements, and this month’s year-over-year decline is the lowest since October 2022, hiring remains down 22% year-over-year. While we continue to see hiring slow, it has subsided from an average 3% month-over month decline from April 2022 to March 2023 to averaging a 1% decline since April 2023.
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United States | July 2023
Nationally, hiring declined 2% in June compared to May, after two small hiring increases in April and May. While we are seeing year-over-year improvement, hiring is still down 20.9%. It’s still premature to say if a recovery is emerging or if these slight gains reflect a pause before declines continue once again.
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United States | June 2023
Nationally, across all industries, hiring increased 3.5% in May compared to April but is still down 21.8% year-over-year. After months of declines, we’ve started to see a small uptick in hiring over the last few months. However, it’s still too early to tell whether we’re on the verge of a more robust, sustainable recovery or if the declines will resume.
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United States | May 2023
Nationally, across all industries, hiring decreased by 0.1% in April compared to March and is down 29.0% year-over-year. While hiring declines are ongoing, they seem to be moderating, and we could start to see year-over-year comparisons start to improve within the next few months.
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United States | April 2023
Nationally, across all industries, hiring decreased 0.6% in March compared to February and is down 28.2% year-over-year. The 0.6% decrease is the smallest decline we’ve seen in hiring in the past 11 months. While hiring declines may be gradually moderating, they are continuing to add to the ongoing slowdown: since hiring began to decline in April 2022, hiring has now declined by 29.2%. Additionally, our Workforce Confidence Survey indicates that our US members’ confidence about holding or finding a job has also declined since April 2022, but saw a slight uptick in March after hitting a two-year low in February.
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United States | March 2023
Nationally, across all industries, hiring decreased 6.5% in February compared to January. This is the largest month-over-month decrease we’ve seen since April 2020, though we don’t expect declines of this magnitude to occur on a regular basis going forward. Year-over-year hiring decreased 27.9% - and hiring has now declined for 10 consecutive months. Additionally, our Workforce Confidence Index data from February showed worker confidence in finding and holding a job declined to its lowest level since 2021, consistent with the decline we’re currently seeing in the LinkedIn Hiring Rate.
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United States | February 2023
Nationally, across all industries, hiring decreased by a modest 0.7% in January compared to December. Hiring is also down 23.0% year-over-year. Additionally, we’ve seen a 25.6% year-over-year decrease in hiring since April 2022, where more than half of that decline happened between April through July 2022.
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United States | January 2023
Nationally, across all industries, hiring increased by 1.1% in December compared to November, the first monthly increase since August. However, hiring is down 10.3% year-over-year and down 9.4% from pre-COVID levels (February 2020). As we progress further into 2023 and economic uncertainty persists, it’s likely we’ll continue to see a slow glide downward in overall hiring levels, mimicking declines we saw throughout the first half of 2022. More specifically, since June we’ve averaged a decline of ~0.6% per month.
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United States | December 2022
Nationally, across all industries, hiring fell by 4.9% in November compared to October and is 20.5% lower compared to November 2021. Hiring is now also 11.8% below pre-COVID hiring levels (February 2020). After a big decline in the Spring, we saw hiring level out during the Summer, but it appears we are seeing the U.S. labor market beginning to slow in a more meaningful way.
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United States | November 2022
Nationally, across all industries, hiring in the U.S. was 0.5% lower in October and 10.6% lower compared to October 2021. Hiring is also continuing to creep down below pre-COVID hiring levels (February 2020), which now sits 7.6% lower. While we saw a slight decline this month, we’re still just 1.9% below the hiring level from the late Spring declines – which was the last time we saw a meaningful downturn this year. The slight drop in October hiring does not signal the onset of a recession but instead gradual steps downward.
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United States | October 2022
Nationally, across all industries, hiring in the U.S. was 8.9% lower in September compared to August and 12.7% lower compared to September 2021. Hiring is also 7.1% below pre-COVID hiring levels (February 2020). Hiring cooled meaningfully in late Spring, and there may be more cooling coming later this year. However, September's hiring decline is more of a reversal of the gains we saw in August versus viewing the latest declines as a clear continued downturn for the U.S. labor market.
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United States | September 2022
Nationally, across all industries, hiring in the U.S. was 6.5% higher in August compared to July – the first monthly increase we’ve seen since April. While hiring hasn’t returned back to the elevated levels experienced in early spring, it’s likely we’re starting to see a leveling out in the near term. More specifically, hiring is still 8.5% below where it was in April; however, with this month’s increase, hiring is now slightly above pre-COVID levels – 0.2% above February 2020.
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United States | August 2022
Nationally, across all industries, hiring in the U.S. was 1.5% lower in July compared to June. Additionally, hiring was 8.3% lower in July 2022 compared to July 2021. Hiring now sits at 7.2% below its pre-COVID level and 2.3% below its average level in the two years prior to the pandemic (February 2018 to February 2020). National hiring is now the lowest it has been since the first quarter of 2021.
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United States | July 2022
Nationally, across all industries, hiring fell 5.4% in June compared to May, suggesting that tighter financial conditions and softening demand might finally be hitting the US labor market. In June, hiring was its lowest level since December 2021. We saw an 11.9% year-over-year hiring decline, and while it’s attention-grabbing, it’s probably an overly gloomy signal - June 2021 was an unusually strong month, with the best hiring we have on record.
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United States | June 2022
Despite some of the latest headlines, U.S. hiring remains extremely strong and shows no signs of weakening. Nationally, across all industries, hiring in the U.S. was 0.4% higher in May compared to April. In a year-over-year comparison, national hiring was 9.8% higher in May 2022 versus last May. And hiring remains 10% above pre-COVID February 2020 levels. And in the tech sector, hiring rose by 2.1% in May compared to April, though it has been flat since the beginning of the year. While largely flat, this industry has seen massive hiring gains overall; hiring in tech has increased 17.5% year over year, and is 23.5% above pre-COVID levels.
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Unites States | May 2022
Nationally, across all industries, hiring in the U.S. was 0.1% lower in April compared to March. However, national hiring was 1.9% higher in April 2022 compared to last April. While hiring has somewhat plateaued since last spring, it still remains at an extremely high level by historical standards. For example, hiring in April was 6.4% above pre-COVID hiring levels, demonstrating the continued strong hiring market for today’s job seekers.
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United States | April 2022
Nationally, across all industries, hiring in the U.S. was 3% higher in March 2022 compared to last month. National hiring was 1.7% higher in March 2022 compared to March 2021. While the rate of hiring is beginning to slow, it’s still an incredibly strong job market for seekers.
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United States | March 2022
Nationally, across all industries, hiring in the U.S. was 5.6% lower in February 2022 compared to last month. National hiring was 9.8% higher in February 2022 compared to last year February 2021. Looking ahead, headwinds building in the labor market mean hiring gains in 2022 are likely to be smaller than in 2021.
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United States | December 2021
Nationally, across all industries, hiring in the U.S. was 7.4% higher in November 2021 compared to last month. National hiring also jumped 5.7% above pre-COVID (February 2020) levels - the highest rate we’ve seen not only since the pandemic started, but since LinkedIn began tracking hiring rates in early 2015. Surging hiring rates reflect the current tightness in the labor market - with job openings plentiful and workers feeling more confident to switch roles in search of better wages and career growth.
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United States | November 2021
Hiring slowing down from spring surge: Nationally, across all industries, hiring in the U.S. was 1.6% lower in October 2021 compared to last month. National hiring was 23.4% higher in October 2021 compared to October 2020. Compared to pre-COVID levels in February 2020, national hiring is still down 1.2%. Despite slowdowns, hiring remains stronger than expected given still-elevated unemployment, indicating the Great Reshuffle remains in effect.
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United States | September 2021
Modest improvement in August hiring: Across all industries, hiring in the U.S. was 2.9% higher in August 2021 compared to last month. National hiring in August was 34.7% higher compared to August 2020, but is still trailing pre-COVID levels from February 2020 by 2.8%. The U.S. economy is anticipated to gradually decelerate going forward, so any future gains in hiring are unlikely to match the pace seen in the second half of 2019 and early 2020.
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United States | July 2021
June hiring is up, but gains smaller than May: Across all industries, national hiring in the U.S. was 3.7% higher in June 2021 compared to last month. This is certainly a step in the right direction, but slower than May’s 7.7% gain. National hiring this June was 67.8% higher compared to June 2020.
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Canada | June 2021
Nationally, across all industries, hiring in Canada was 124.1% higher than in May 2020. National hiring was 2.7% higher in May from April 2021. The industries with the most notable hiring shifts month-to-month in May were Transportation & Logistics (21.9% higher); Hardware & Networking (20.1% higher); and Entertainment (13.7% higher).
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United States | May 2021
Nationally, across all industries, U.S. hiring continued its gradual recovery and increased 3.5% higher in April 2021 compared to last month March 2021, reaching pre-COVID highs experienced in February 2020. National hiring was 69.4% higher in April 2021 compared to last year April 2020 and these large year-over-year increases are expected as the anniversaries of hiring drops at the beginning of pandemic are reached.
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United States | April 2021
After a big gain in February, US hiring held steady in March near its highest levels since the pandemic began. Hiring is now only 2.0% below its pre-COVID level. Furthermore, we’re beginning to see the recovery broaden. Twelve industries are now hiring at or above their pre-COVID level, versus nine a month ago and five two months ago.
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United Kingdom | March 2021
Hiring in the UK picked up momentum in February and increased by 2.4% between January and February 2021. While the increase is a positive signal, hiring is still 5.8% lower than in February 2020. Industries that have been instrumental to the response to the pandemic, including Healthcare (+34.1%), Public Administration (+32.1%) and Transportation and Logistics (12.6%), are all showing double digit growth.
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United States | March 2021
While we haven’t quite reversed the rebounds we saw in December and January, we are continuing to see an uptick in hiring across industries. Most notably, our data shows nine industries now have hiring rates above pre-COVID levels. This is the most recovery we’ve seen to date.
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United States | February 2021
January was the second consecutive seasonally-adjusted month-over-month decline in our data: hiring in the U.S. was 2.8% lower in January 2021 from December 2020, and 7.6% lower than in January 2020. We have good reason to be optimistic that this “double dip” will end soon due to the triple punch of fiscal stimulus, vaccination and better weather.
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United States | January 2021
Hiring growth slowed in December, inching up 0.5% from November. We’re now the closest we’ve been to full hiring recovery since COVID first hit in February. Nine industries showed year-over-year growth in December, the largest number since February 2020. Workers continue to flock to cities where recovery is the strongest, but we’re seeing that overall the gaps in hiring recovery are shrinking.
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United States | December 2020
Hiring in the U.S. during November inched up 0.8% from October 2020. Despite more modest gains, hiring is inching closer to recovery and moving at a much faster pace than projected and is now only 4.2% lower than in November 2019.
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United Kingdom | December 2020
Hiring in the UK picked up some momentum in October and increased 5.8% for the month. While the increase is positive, hiring is still 10.2% lower than in October 2019. A number of industries posted strong double digit growth, including: Legal (42.2%); Media & Communications (41.3% higher); and Finance (23.6%).
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United States | November 2020
Hiring in the U.S. during October shot up 15.5% higher from September 2020. Looking at where that puts us from last year, hiring this month still remains 5.8% lower than it was in October 2019. Industries that have seen the biggest recovery since hitting lows in April include real estate and construction; and sunbelt cities continue to climb closest to recovery than other parts of the country.
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United States | October 2020
Hiring in the U.S. during September dipped 0.7% from August 2020, and it remains 13.3% lower than it was in September 2019. Positive month-over-month hiring momentum is building in: Energy & Mining (+7.3%), Transportation & Logistics (2.3%), Education (2.1%), and Wellness & Fitness (+1.1%). Sunbelt and southern cities also continue to climb closer to recovery.
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United States | September 2020
Hiring in the U.S. stalled out in August, and is still down -11.3% year-over-year. Our LinkedIn Hiring Rate shows that the virus has created a “ceiling” on just how much the economy can return to normal. Real estate (+10.4% M/M) and transportation & logistics (+8.4% M/M) are leading industries; and Austin (+7.4% M/M) and Denver (+4.7% M/M) are leading cities in the recovery.
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United States | August 2020
Hiring in the U.S. continues to recover, and is now only 7.4% lower than it was in July 2019. The rebound in hiring has broadened significantly across cities, reflecting economic reopening occurring across a wider range of geographies. While all of the cities we track are still down year over year, 15 of the cities we track posted double-digit increases month over month.
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United States | July 2020
Hiring across all industries in the U.S. is still down significantly year-over-year, measuring 39.6% lower than in June 2019. But we did see continued stability from May: national hiring in June was +0.1% higher. The industries with the most notable hiring shifts month-to-month in June were: Recreation & Travel (157.2% higher); Legal (99.3% higher); and Construction (77.2% higher).
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United States | June 2020
National hiring across all industries reached an unprecedented low of -37.9% in May than the year before. This new low signals a material bottoming out since we first began to see COVID-19’s impact on hiring in March, as we only saw a 1% drop in May from April 2020.
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United States | May 2020
Hiring across the US saw an unprecedented drop in April, down 24% M/M and 30% Y/Y. The least impacted industries are: hardware & networking (-8.5% Y/Y), public safety (-10.1% Y/Y), education (-15.6% Y/Y). The industries that are struggling the most are: travel & leisure (-71.1% Y/Y), real estate (-49.2% Y/Y) and construction (-45.8% Y/Y).
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United States | April 2020
Gross hiring across all industries in the U.S. was 1.1% lower than in March 2019, the largest drop in LinkedIn’s hiring rate since January 2017. LinkedIn data shows a spike in demand for workers in roles that are on the frontlines of helping us navigate this pandemic, and are critical to supporting the rapidly-changing healthcare and infrastructure needs of the country. Our data also reveals the industries that have been most resilient to this pandemic.
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United States | February 2020
Gross hiring in the U.S. was 5.7% higher than in January 2019. Industries with notable hiring gains month-to-month in December include: Public Safety (3.5% higher); Health Care (3.3% higher); and Wellness & Fitness (2% higher). Ahead of the 2020 census, LinkedIn Editor George Anders takes a closer look at the career pathways of more than 10,000 workers from the 2010 census.
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United States | January 2020
Gross hiring in the U.S. was 9.3% higher than in December 2018, and seasonally-adjusted national hiring was 1.5% higher in December from November 2019. Industries with notable hiring gains month-to-month in December include: Finance, Corporate Services and Retail. Agriculture posted a notable dip in hiring, down 2.5% year-over-year and 3.6% month-to-month. LinkedIn Editor George Anders also took a closer look at 12 cities where average hiring rates have climbed by at least 6.5% from last year.
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United States | December 2019
Gross hiring across all industries in the U.S. was 3.9% lower this month than in October 2018. LinkedIn Editor George Anders took a closer look at the transportation industry in his #AmericaAtWork series this month, revealing the top cities where transportation jobs are booming and the fastest-growing jobs in the industry.
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United States | November 2019
Gross hiring across all industries in the U.S. was 3.9% lower this month than in October 2018. LinkedIn Editor George Anders took a closer look at the transportation industry in his #AmericaAtWork series this month, revealing the top cities where transportation jobs are booming and the fastest-growing jobs in the industry.
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United States | October 2019
Seasonally-adjusted national hiring was 1.1% higher in September from August 2019. LinkedIn Editor George Anders took a closer look at migration and housing cost data in his #AmericaAtWork series this month, revealing the tipping point for when a city becomes too unaffordable to attract and keep talent.
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United Kingdom | February 2019
This month’s UK Workforce report reveals that hiring declined in December in most of the UK’s regions and sectors, but continues to be stronger than it was a year ago.
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United States | September 2019
Nationally, gross hiring in the U.S. showed slight year-over-year gains. Despite national hiring rates continuing to climb, the manufacturing and agriculture industries have been steadily declining since March 2018. Metro areas in the southern United States are seeing some of the sharpest drops in the manufacturing hiring rate.
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United States | August 2019
Nationally, across all industries, gross hiring in July was 3.9% higher than it was last year. For the 13th consecutive month, Austin outpaced the rest of the country in gaining new workers -- and the rate of workers moving to Austin is now 1.59 times greater than the next-largest gainer, Denver. Philadelphia posted the largest skills surpluses this month.
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United States | July 2019
Hiring saw a slight uptick in June. Hot hiring markets include smaller cities with large concentrations of Boomers and retirees. Workers leaving the largest U.S. cities are increasingly relocating to smaller cities in Florida and other Sunbelt states. Health Care is the most popular industry attracting these workers from the largest U.S. cities.
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United States | June 2019
Overall hiring is down in May, but the challenges aren’t evenly distributed across industries. Software & IT services and corporate services industries saw significant hiring gains, but export-producing goods industries like agriculture and manufacturing are facing rapid declines in hiring. High-growth startups are also fueling hiring, driven by San Francisco and New York. Secondary markets like Provo, Atlanta and Denver are also producing a high volume of high-growth startups.
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United States | May 2019
Hiring is down across the Midwest. Midwest may lose workers to major cities in the Southwest and West Coast. Flooding dealt another blow to the already struggling agriculture industry.
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India | H2 2018
The India professional workforce report is a half-yearly report on key trends among the professional workforce in the Indian economy, as represented by members on the LinkedIn platform.
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United States | April 2019
Hiring is down across the Midwest. Midwest may lose workers to major cities in the Southwest and West Coast. Flooding dealt another blow to the already struggling agriculture industry.
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United States | March 2019
U.S. Hiring Continues to Soften. Evolving Nature of Work.
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United States | February 2019
Ongoing instability may cause a public sector brain drain. Federal employees are open to new opportunities. Mild slowdown of national hiring may have bottomed out.
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United Kingdom | January 2019
This month’s UK Workforce report reveals that hiring declined in November across the UK, and in all sectors, but was stronger than a year ago as the UK’s employment boom continues.
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United States | January 2019
U.S. hiring slows modestly. Business skills surge in importance in traditional finance hubs. Coastal workers are meeting in the middle.
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United Kingdom | December 2018
This month’s LinkedIn Workforce Report for the UK reveals that a return to strong hiring number in London lifted the national figures in October, despite hiring being down in most of the UK’s regions Month on Month. Hiring is up significantly on a year ago, but talent continues to leave the UK.
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United States | December 2018
U.S. hiring levels off in 2018. A tightening labor market leads to significant skills shortages. Austin and Denver topple Seattle as cities attracting the most workers.
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United Kingdom | November 2018
This month’s LinkedIn Workforce Report for the UK covers the September peak in graduate recruitment, so we’ve taken the opportunity to dive in deeper to how new graduates are contributing to the UK’s labour force.
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United States | November 2018
US hiring levels off. San Francisco has the nation’s largest skills gap. Austin, Denver, and Nashville continue to attract workers.
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United Kingdom | October 2018
Hiring fell in August in the UK, in line with expectation for a month that sees many workplaces reduce activity, but compared to 2017 hiring remains strong, backing up the very high level of employment in the UK.
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India | 2018 H1
Today we are delighted to launch the inaugural LinkedIn Workforce Report – Professional Edition for India. The report is a half-yearly look at the key trends in the Indian professional workforce, as represented by member activity and job postings on the LinkedIn platform.
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United States | October 2018
US hiring growth shows signs of leveling off. Nashville, Charlotte, and Las Vegas surpass Seattle as top destinations. Cities on the rise show growth in tech and retail.
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United Kingdom | September 2018
September’s LinkedIn Workforce Report includes a deep dive into Financial Services in the UK. Ten years on from the collapse Lehman Brothers the UK financial services workforce has changed in behaviour and nature: Fintech’s rise means the banks are not the first choice employer, the sector is hiring more lawyers, and more software engineers, but fewer people from other countries.
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United States | September 2018
Agriculture hiring is growing. Retail on the rebound. They’re not in Wichita, Kansas, anymore.
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United Kingdom | August 2018
LinkedIn’s nineth UK Workforce Report has found that the UK Hiring Rate was up in June, with IT Hardware and Legal Services showing the largest increases, but London lags behind the positive trend across the regions, and the UK continues to lose talent to other countries.
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United States | August 2018
Summer of strong hiring continues through July. Austin’s job market has never been hotter. Demand for data scientists is off the charts.
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United States | July 2018
Despite dip, June hiring remains strong. Chinese retaliatory tariffs may exacerbate job losses in cities already losing workers. Finding bright spots in the dimming telecommunications industry.
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United Kingdom | July 2018
LinkedIn’s eighth UK Workforce Report has found that the UK experienced a significant dip in hiring in May. Hiring fell in 10 out of the 12 UK nations and regions, and the UK continue to experience a net loss of overseas talent.
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United States | June 2018
Oil industry turns up the heat on hiring, and Houston’s skills surplus is tightening accordingly. When a city is synonymous with a single industry, boom and bust cycles have outsized impact.
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United Kingdom | June 2018
June’s LinkedIn UK Workforce Report confirms that the UK continues to see a net loss of international talent and London also is seeing a net outflow of professional talent to overseas for the third month running. Meanwhile, the Hiring Rate is up, with April 2018 seeing significantly more hires that April 2017.
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United States | May 2018
Hiring strong and stable through April. The U.S. needs 230,000 more people with marketing skills. Americans are moving from high-tax states to low-tax states.
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United Kingdom | April 2018
April’s LinkedIn Workforce Report includes a deep dive into post Brexit Migration Trends, and additional research into the sentiment of recruiters working in the UK. Migration from the EU has been falling since the Brexit referendum, and the UK is now losing talent to the EU.
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United Kingdom | March 2018
UK hiring slowed in February, and we saw the first signs of a decline in the attractiveness of the UK as destination for international workers, with the majority of UK regions, including London, losing more talent from overseas than they gained.
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United States | April 2018
Hiring keeps up the pace through March. The best U.S. cities for green jobs. No, San Franciscans are not fleeing to the Midwest.
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United States | March 2018
February hiring remains strong after January’s spike. Banks are hiring, but it’s not only where you’d expect. Growing cities need teachers.
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United Kingdom | February 2018
UK hiring enjoyed a strong start to 2018. The UK continues to be an attractive destination for international workers, with most UK regions gaining more talent from overseas than they lost.
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United States | February 2018
2018 is off to an incredibly strong start for hiring. Accountants benefit the most from the new tax bill. More and more people are betting on Las Vegas.
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United Kingdom | January 2018
Hiring activity is down in the UK as a whole, and the Hiring Rate fell in all 12 regions and nations of the UK except for London and the South East. Most sectors saw a fall in hiring, but nine of 12 UK regions and nations gained more talent from overseas than they lost.
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United States | January 2018
Houston, Phoenix, and Dallas are growing faster than New York City and San Francisco. Hiring growth doesn't always mean migration growth. Data mining, business development, and sales skills are in demand in these cities.
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United Kingdom | December 2017
Seasonally Adjusted Hiring is down Month on Month in the UK, all 12 nations and regions, and the majority of the sectors.
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United States | December 2017
U.S. hiring was 10.4% higher in 2017 than in 2016; in 2017, skills gaps widened in Salt Lake City, Raleigh-Durham, and Philadelphia; yes, Americans are still moving.
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United Kingdom | November 2017
Brexit hit the hiring rate in July 2016 hard, but London is not over. 10 out of the 12 nations and regions that make up the UK are net importers of international talent.
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United States | November 2017
Hiring continues strong through October. At tech companies and NGOs, politics skills are in high demand. In cities losing the most workers, teachers, nurses, and construction workers are last to go.
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United States | October 2017
September hiring remains strong and creeps steadily upwards. The industries that experienced the biggest year-over-year increase in hiring in September were oil and energy.
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United States | September 2017
Hiring remains strong through August. Tourists flock to the fastest-growing U.S. cities, drive local demand for travel and hospitality skills. Detroit is the new Chicago, with surging demand for high tech skills.
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United States | August 2017
This summer’s hiring streak continues into July. Since January ‘17, demand is up for mental health professionals in big cities. New Yorkers, it’s true: all your friends are moving to LA.
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United States | July 2017
Hiring this summer is red hot. A "retail apocalypse"? Not in some cities. As workers leave cities, unemployment drops.
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United States | June 2017
May was the strongest month for hiring since June 2015. Fewer workers are moving to the San Francisco Bay Area. Healthcare skills are needed in every major U.S. city except for Philadelphia, Cleveland, and St. Louis.
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United States | May 2017
April was the strongest month for hiring since June 2015. Growing cities attract national and international talent, while declining cities attract regional talent. Demand for manufacturing skills is strong along the coasts; not the Midwest.
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United States | April 2017
After an exceptionally strong start to the year, hiring moderated two months in a row. The Northwest and South continue to attract workers. Austin replaced Houston as the city with the third largest skills gap.
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United States | March 2017
January and February were the strongest consecutive months for hiring since August and September 2015. Workers continue to move from the rust belt to the sun and rain belts. Big cities need more teachers, doctors, and nurses.
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United States | February 2017
Hiring up two months in a row. Employers need workers with service-industry skills. Workers flocking to cities with lower cost of living, and access to the great outdoors.
Filters
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September 2023
The global economy has surpassed our initial expectations and is showing resilient growth, but a slowdown is still ahead. As fear of a possible recession rise, businesses continue to scale back their hiring plans. More individuals are actively seeking secure employment opportunities.
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August 2023
Despite the central bank tightening, economic activity in the second quarter of 2023 has proven resilient, in part supported by robust, albeit cooling, labor markets (particularly in the service sector). Employers are gradually reasserting their bargaining power in the labor market as evidenced by the declines in labor market tightness observed in various countries.
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July 2023
The global economy has surpassed our initial expectations and is showing resilient growth, but a slowdown is still ahead. As fear of a possible recession rise, businesses continue to scale back their hiring plans. More individuals are actively seeking secure employment opportunities.
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June 2023
The uncertain economic outlook has prompted companies worldwide to reduce their hiring plans, although the year-on-year hiring declines appear to be moderating in a few countries. Concurrently, labor shortages in many countries have intensified the competition for a limited pool of workers, exacerbating labor market tightness.
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May 2023
At a global level, we predict that the expected moderate quarter-to-quarter GDP growth rates of 2023 will persist throughout the first half of 2024. We also expect the lagged effects of ongoing monetary policy tightening by the main central banks to limit growth over the remainder of 2023.
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April 2023
The global economy still looks set for a sustained period of weakness this year, before rebounding next year. The impact of last year's monetary policy tightening is expected to continue to weigh on the level of growth for the rest of this year in most advanced economies, while the impact on inflation is likely to be sluggish.
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March 2023
Global GDP growth is projected to slow in 2023 before rebounding in 2024. Key advanced economies, including the U.S. and the UK, are not fully immune to recession, making a soft landing unlikely. Global labor markets are robust but showing signs of cooling, with the openings-to-applicants ratio remaining above pre-pandemic levels in most countries.
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February 2023
The combination of slower growth and tighter financial conditions, amid high levels of debt, has increased the risk of fiscal pressures and led to heightened risks of a global recession. Despite these headwinds, the outlook is less gloomy than previously predicted, and could represent a turning point, with inflation declining and growth bottoming out.
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January 2023
Despite economic uncertainty, labor markets continue to show signs of tightness thanks to significant demographic shifts, an aging workforce, and a historically high number of unfilled openings in many countries.
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December 2022
In nearly all parts of the globe, economies are slowing, high inflation is proving persistent, the uncertainty about the outlook is high, and global financial conditions have tightened significantly amidst the increase in interest rates over the recent months.
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November 2022
Labor markets remain tight across developed markets, but we expect them to soften in the coming months as economic activity weakens. Hiring continued to gradually decline in October, even as demand for workers remained elevated with job postings well above their pre-pandemic baseline.
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October 2022
Job markets around the world show signs of cooling down amid higher rates and slower economic growth. Hiring is down in every country we track and more people are jumping back into the labor pool.
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Pathways into STEM Jobs
This paper explores pathways into STEM jobs, comparing individuals with high school diplomas, non-STEM college degrees, and STEM degrees. It investigates levels of STEM job experience, skills, and interest among workers with varying educational backgrounds, as well as the rate of transition into, type of, and persistence within STEM careers.
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Cybersecurity Talent Insights
Cybersecurity threats are on the rise in the United States, yet there is a shortage of cybersecurity professionals. We examine how certain strategies—such as closing the gender gap and implementing a skills-first approach to hiring—can effectively help grow the cybersecurity workforce.
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Disability Status and Work: Employment and Leadership
We examine employment disparities for individuals with disabilities in the United States, leveraging self-reported data from LinkedIn members. Key findings reveal distinct trends, including higher representation in specific sectors, lower representation in senior positions, and higher interest in remote job postings.
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Economic Network Strength: Race, Gender, and Community
We explore economic networks—crucial for career advancement—and data from LinkedIn to analyze disparities across race, gender, and community income groups. We find men, individuals in higher income communities, and Asian and White members tend to have stronger networks than their counterparts, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in fostering inclusive networking environments.
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Network Formation Homophily: Race, Gender, and Community
We present new findings on invitation and acceptance rates in network formation, examining sender and receiver demographics to uncover patterns of homophily and privilege. Key takeaways highlight significant tendencies for members to connect with individuals of their own gender, race/ethnicity, and ZIP Code median income quartile, with marginalized groups exhibiting the strongest homophily, emphasizing the need for inclusive networking strategies.
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Accelerating the Transition to Electric Vehicles
We explore the role of green skills in the global transition to electric vehicles (EV). While the transition to EVs is clearly underway, and our data shows that EV skills are on the rise, it will take continued skill-development to ensure a timely green transition of the transportation sector.
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International gender representation in STEM employment
We examine level and trends in the representation of women in STEM internationally, and explore the potential underlying dynamics. While there is variation across countries, there is consistent underrepresentation of women in STEM skills, work, and leadership. However, in many cases, these gaps are narrowing.
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Preparing the Workforce for Generative AI
We analyzed LinkedIn data to identify skills that stand to be affected by new AI technologies, and those that will likely complement them. The insights from this analysis can be used by leaders to inform strategic workforce planning and skilling initiatives.
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Future of Work Report: AI at Work
New data from LinkedIn shows how AI is shaping the world of work and how professionals and companies are adapting to this emerging technology.
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Global Green Skills Report 2023
The Global Green Skills Report 2023 identifies trends at the intersection of the workforce and sustainability and delves into three sectors that are especially pivotal to meeting sustainability targets: energy production, transportation, and finance.
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Disparities in U.S. Economic Network Formation
We evaluate U.S. LinkedIn network data to examine disparities in network size and growth by gender, race, and local median income. We find large disparities in total network size, but smaller and at times reversed gaps for network growth rates, many of which are narrowing over time. We also demonstrate several important gaps in the inputs to network growth.
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Progress and barriers in global gender leadership
Climbing the corporate leadership ladder remains a challenge for women. LinkedIn data reveals that only 32.1% of senior leadership roles are held by women globally, despite representing 41.8% of the workforce. We examine gender gaps in leadership globally and by industry and country. The study highlights the need for inclusive hiring practices and offers hope, with observed improvements over the last half decade in gender representation.
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Skills-First Report
New LinkedIn data reveals how a skills-first approach to the labor market, in which people are hired based on skills rather than degrees or certification, can help policymakers and governments create initiatives that strengthen the workforce — while businesses worldwide can benefit from more diverse talent pools and more equitable hiring processes.
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Measuring gender gaps in the U.S. STEM workforce
In this paper, we analyze millions of LinkedIn profiles in the United States to examine the transition from obtaining a STEM degree to securing STEM employment. A significant gender gap exists in both the rate of holding STEM skills and in STEM employment. Our paper also reveals that the greatest expansion in the gender gap occurs between obtaining a STEM degree and working in STEM one year after graduation.
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LinkedIn STEM Classification Methodology
This report outlines the methodology used to create international taxonomies that classify each representative occupational group as STEM or non-STEM. We take a skills-based approach, as STEM is primarily a conceptualization about skills.
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The Labor Market through the Lens of the Beveridge Curve
The Beveridge curve captures the inverse relationship between job vacancies and unemployment and is thought to be an indicator of the efficiency of the functioning of the labor market. This report leverages LinkedIn data to examine the Beveridge curve dynamics in the U.S. and offer an interpretation of the recent shift.
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A Skills-First Blueprint for Better Job Outcomes
New insights from LinkedIn show a steady progression towards a skills-based labor market, spurred on by the pandemic and digital transformation reshaping all aspects of work.
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Global Green Skills Report 2022
The Global Green Skills Report 2022 provides new data on green skills and jobs from all across the world, to empower policymakers, governments and business leaders with actionable insights to help them transition the global workforce to a green economy future.
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Measuring Gender Gaps in Economic Network Strength
We introduce a novel framework of network strength, combining key elements for career advancement. Utilizing LinkedIn data, we estimate gender gaps in the features of network strength in the US and show that women have smaller and weaker economic networks in the data.
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Decomposing Gender Gaps in US STEM Work
We examine the large drop-off between graduation with a STEM degree and working in STEM one year later, which is especially severe for women. Several factors impact the gender gap in the transition to STEM work: major choice, STEM job posting views and applications, and the proportion of the local STEM workforce the same gender as the graduate. All else equal, women would be slightly more likely than men to persist in STEM employment.
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Impact of Skills Signals on Employment Gaps
With the rise of the digital job search market, new opportunities for signaling skills and competencies to employers have emerged. In this paper, we examine listed skills on individuals’ LinkedIn profiles in the United States between 2015 and 2021, both those members add themselves and skills for which they are endorsed from others in their network.
