Economic Graph Research
Third party research and reports using Economic Graph data
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Workforce Confidence Index
The Workforce Confidence Index is a biweekly survey of LinkedIn members that measures how they feel about the job market, their financial statuses, and advancing their careers. This survey allows us to build solutions that create economic opportunity for all.
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United States | October 2020
Hiring in the U.S. during September dipped 0.7% from August 2020, and it remains 13.3% lower than it was in September 2019. Positive month-over-month hiring momentum is building in: Energy & Mining (+7.3%), Transportation & Logistics (2.3%), Education (2.1%), and Wellness & Fitness (+1.1%). Sunbelt and southern cities also continue to climb closer to recovery.
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United States | September 2020
Hiring in the U.S. stalled out in August, and is still down -11.3% year-over-year. Our LinkedIn Hiring Rate shows that the virus has created a “ceiling” on just how much the economy can return to normal. Real estate (+10.4% M/M) and transportation & logistics (+8.4% M/M) are leading industries; and Austin (+7.4% M/M) and Denver (+4.7% M/M) are leading cities in the recovery.
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United States | August 2020
Hiring in the U.S. continues to recover, and is now only 7.4% lower than it was in July 2019. The rebound in hiring has broadened significantly across cities, reflecting economic reopening occurring across a wider range of geographies. While all of the cities we track are still down year over year, 15 of the cities we track posted double-digit increases month over month.
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United States | July 2020
Hiring across all industries in the U.S. is still down significantly year-over-year, measuring 39.6% lower than in June 2019. But we did see continued stability from May: national hiring in June was +0.1% higher. The industries with the most notable hiring shifts month-to-month in June were: Recreation & Travel (157.2% higher); Legal (99.3% higher); and Construction (77.2% higher).
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United States | June 2020
National hiring across all industries reached an unprecedented low of -37.9% in May than the year before. This new low signals a material bottoming out since we first began to see COVID-19’s impact on hiring in March, as we only saw a 1% drop in May from April 2020.
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United States | May 2020
Hiring across the US saw an unprecedented drop in April, down 24% M/M and 30% Y/Y. The least impacted industries are: hardware & networking (-8.5% Y/Y), public safety (-10.1% Y/Y), education (-15.6% Y/Y). The industries that are struggling the most are: travel & leisure (-71.1% Y/Y), real estate (-49.2% Y/Y) and construction (-45.8% Y/Y).
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United States | April 2020
Gross hiring across all industries in the U.S. was 1.1% lower than in March 2019, the largest drop in LinkedIn’s hiring rate since January 2017. LinkedIn data shows a spike in demand for workers in roles that are on the frontlines of helping us navigate this pandemic, and are critical to supporting the rapidly-changing healthcare and infrastructure needs of the country. Our data also reveals the industries that have been most resilient to this pandemic.
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United States | March 2020
Gross hiring in the U.S. was 7.2% higher than in February 2019. Industries with notable hiring gains month-to-month in February include: Agriculture, which was 8% higher, and Hardware & Networking, up 6.6%. LinkedIn editor George Anders explores LinkedIn data that shows since 2015, hiring in 23 occupations has flipped from majority male to majority female, and another 17 are on the verge of doing so.
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United States | February 2020
Gross hiring in the U.S. was 5.7% higher than in January 2019. Industries with notable hiring gains month-to-month in December include: Public Safety (3.5% higher); Health Care (3.3% higher); and Wellness & Fitness (2% higher). Ahead of the 2020 census, LinkedIn Editor George Anders takes a closer look at the career pathways of more than 10,000 workers from the 2010 census.
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United States | January 2020
Gross hiring in the U.S. was 9.3% higher than in December 2018, and seasonally-adjusted national hiring was 1.5% higher in December from November 2019. Industries with notable hiring gains month-to-month in December include: Finance, Corporate Services and Retail. Agriculture posted a notable dip in hiring, down 2.5% year-over-year and 3.6% month-to-month. LinkedIn Editor George Anders also took a closer look at 12 cities where average hiring rates have climbed by at least 6.5% from last year.
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United States | December 2019
Gross hiring across all industries in the U.S. was 3.9% lower this month than in October 2018. LinkedIn Editor George Anders took a closer look at the transportation industry in his #AmericaAtWork series this month, revealing the top cities where transportation jobs are booming and the fastest-growing jobs in the industry.
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United States | November 2019
Gross hiring across all industries in the U.S. was 3.9% lower this month than in October 2018. LinkedIn Editor George Anders took a closer look at the transportation industry in his #AmericaAtWork series this month, revealing the top cities where transportation jobs are booming and the fastest-growing jobs in the industry.
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United States | October 2019
Seasonally-adjusted national hiring was 1.1% higher in September from August 2019. LinkedIn Editor George Anders took a closer look at migration and housing cost data in his #AmericaAtWork series this month, revealing the tipping point for when a city becomes too unaffordable to attract and keep talent.
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United States | September 2019
Nationally, gross hiring in the U.S. showed slight year-over-year gains. Despite national hiring rates continuing to climb, the manufacturing and agriculture industries have been steadily declining since March 2018. Metro areas in the southern United States are seeing some of the sharpest drops in the manufacturing hiring rate.
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United States | August 2019
Nationally, across all industries, gross hiring in July was 3.9% higher than it was last year. For the 13th consecutive month, Austin outpaced the rest of the country in gaining new workers -- and the rate of workers moving to Austin is now 1.59 times greater than the next-largest gainer, Denver. Philadelphia posted the largest skills surpluses this month.
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United States | July 2019
Hiring saw a slight uptick in June. Hot hiring markets include smaller cities with large concentrations of Boomers and retirees. Workers leaving the largest U.S. cities are increasingly relocating to smaller cities in Florida and other Sunbelt states. Health Care is the most popular industry attracting these workers from the largest U.S. cities.
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United States | June 2019
Overall hiring is down in May, but the challenges aren’t evenly distributed across industries. Software & IT services and corporate services industries saw significant hiring gains, but export-producing goods industries like agriculture and manufacturing are facing rapid declines in hiring. High-growth startups are also fueling hiring, driven by San Francisco and New York. Secondary markets like Provo, Atlanta and Denver are also producing a high volume of high-growth startups.
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United States | May 2019
Hiring is down across the Midwest. Midwest may lose workers to major cities in the Southwest and West Coast. Flooding dealt another blow to the already struggling agriculture industry.
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India | H2 2018
The India professional workforce report is a half-yearly report on key trends among the professional workforce in the Indian economy, as represented by members on the LinkedIn platform.
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United States | April 2019
Hiring is down across the Midwest. Midwest may lose workers to major cities in the Southwest and West Coast. Flooding dealt another blow to the already struggling agriculture industry.
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United States | March 2019
U.S. Hiring Continues to Soften. Evolving Nature of Work.
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United Kingdom | February 2019
This month’s UK Workforce report reveals that hiring declined in December in most of the UK’s regions and sectors, but continues to be stronger than it was a year ago.
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United States | February 2019
Ongoing instability may cause a public sector brain drain. Federal employees are open to new opportunities. Mild slowdown of national hiring may have bottomed out.
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United Kingdom | January 2019
This month’s UK Workforce report reveals that hiring declined in November across the UK, and in all sectors, but was stronger than a year ago as the UK’s employment boom continues.
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United States | January 2019
U.S. hiring slows modestly. Business skills surge in importance in traditional finance hubs. Coastal workers are meeting in the middle.
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United Kingdom | December 2018
This month’s LinkedIn Workforce Report for the UK reveals that a return to strong hiring number in London lifted the national figures in October, despite hiring being down in most of the UK’s regions Month on Month. Hiring is up significantly on a year ago, but talent continues to leave the UK.
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United States | December 2018
U.S. hiring levels off in 2018. A tightening labor market leads to significant skills shortages. Austin and Denver topple Seattle as cities attracting the most workers.
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United Kingdom | November 2018
This month’s LinkedIn Workforce Report for the UK covers the September peak in graduate recruitment, so we’ve taken the opportunity to dive in deeper to how new graduates are contributing to the UK’s labour force.
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United States | November 2018
US hiring levels off. San Francisco has the nation’s largest skills gap. Austin, Denver, and Nashville continue to attract workers.
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United Kingdom | October 2018
Hiring fell in August in the UK, in line with expectation for a month that sees many workplaces reduce activity, but compared to 2017 hiring remains strong, backing up the very high level of employment in the UK.
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India | 2018 H1
Today we are delighted to launch the inaugural LinkedIn Workforce Report – Professional Edition for India. The report is a half-yearly look at the key trends in the Indian professional workforce, as represented by member activity and job postings on the LinkedIn platform.
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United States | October 2018
US hiring growth shows signs of leveling off. Nashville, Charlotte, and Las Vegas surpass Seattle as top destinations. Cities on the rise show growth in tech and retail.
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United Kingdom | September 2018
September’s LinkedIn Workforce Report includes a deep dive into Financial Services in the UK. Ten years on from the collapse Lehman Brothers the UK financial services workforce has changed in behaviour and nature: Fintech’s rise means the banks are not the first choice employer, the sector is hiring more lawyers, and more software engineers, but fewer people from other countries.
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United States | September 2018
Agriculture hiring is growing. Retail on the rebound. They’re not in Wichita, Kansas, anymore.
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United Kingdom | August 2018
LinkedIn’s nineth UK Workforce Report has found that the UK Hiring Rate was up in June, with IT Hardware and Legal Services showing the largest increases, but London lags behind the positive trend across the regions, and the UK continues to lose talent to other countries.
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United States | August 2018
Summer of strong hiring continues through July. Austin’s job market has never been hotter. Demand for data scientists is off the charts.
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United States | July 2018
Despite dip, June hiring remains strong. Chinese retaliatory tariffs may exacerbate job losses in cities already losing workers. Finding bright spots in the dimming telecommunications industry.
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United Kingdom | July 2018
LinkedIn’s eighth UK Workforce Report has found that the UK experienced a significant dip in hiring in May. Hiring fell in 10 out of the 12 UK nations and regions, and the UK continue to experience a net loss of overseas talent.
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United States | June 2018
Oil industry turns up the heat on hiring, and Houston’s skills surplus is tightening accordingly. When a city is synonymous with a single industry, boom and bust cycles have outsized impact.
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United Kingdom | June 2018
June’s LinkedIn UK Workforce Report confirms that the UK continues to see a net loss of international talent and London also is seeing a net outflow of professional talent to overseas for the third month running. Meanwhile, the Hiring Rate is up, with April 2018 seeing significantly more hires that April 2017.
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United States | May 2018
Hiring strong and stable through April. The U.S. needs 230,000 more people with marketing skills. Americans are moving from high-tax states to low-tax states.
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United Kingdom | April 2018
April’s LinkedIn Workforce Report includes a deep dive into post Brexit Migration Trends, and additional research into the sentiment of recruiters working in the UK. Migration from the EU has been falling since the Brexit referendum, and the UK is now losing talent to the EU.
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United Kingdom | March 2018
UK hiring slowed in February, and we saw the first signs of a decline in the attractiveness of the UK as destination for international workers, with the majority of UK regions, including London, losing more talent from overseas than they gained.
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United States | April 2018
Hiring keeps up the pace through March. The best U.S. cities for green jobs. No, San Franciscans are not fleeing to the Midwest.
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United States | March 2018
February hiring remains strong after January’s spike. Banks are hiring, but it’s not only where you’d expect. Growing cities need teachers.
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United Kingdom | February 2018
UK hiring enjoyed a strong start to 2018. The UK continues to be an attractive destination for international workers, with most UK regions gaining more talent from overseas than they lost.
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United States | February 2018
2018 is off to an incredibly strong start for hiring. Accountants benefit the most from the new tax bill. More and more people are betting on Las Vegas.
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United Kingdom | January 2018
Hiring activity is down in the UK as a whole, and the Hiring Rate fell in all 12 regions and nations of the UK except for London and the South East. Most sectors saw a fall in hiring, but nine of 12 UK regions and nations gained more talent from overseas than they lost.
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United States | January 2018
Houston, Phoenix, and Dallas are growing faster than New York City and San Francisco. Hiring growth doesn't always mean migration growth. Data mining, business development, and sales skills are in demand in these cities.
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United Kingdom | December 2017
Seasonally Adjusted Hiring is down Month on Month in the UK, all 12 nations and regions, and the majority of the sectors.
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United States | December 2017
U.S. hiring was 10.4% higher in 2017 than in 2016; in 2017, skills gaps widened in Salt Lake City, Raleigh-Durham, and Philadelphia; yes, Americans are still moving.
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United Kingdom | November 2017
Brexit hit the hiring rate in July 2016 hard, but London is not over. 10 out of the 12 nations and regions that make up the UK are net importers of international talent.
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United States | November 2017
Hiring continues strong through October. At tech companies and NGOs, politics skills are in high demand. In cities losing the most workers, teachers, nurses, and construction workers are last to go.
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United States | October 2017
September hiring remains strong and creeps steadily upwards. The industries that experienced the biggest year-over-year increase in hiring in September were oil and energy.
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United States | September 2017
Hiring remains strong through August. Tourists flock to the fastest-growing U.S. cities, drive local demand for travel and hospitality skills. Detroit is the new Chicago, with surging demand for high tech skills.
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United States | August 2017
This summer’s hiring streak continues into July. Since January ‘17, demand is up for mental health professionals in big cities. New Yorkers, it’s true: all your friends are moving to LA.
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United States | July 2017
Hiring this summer is red hot. A "retail apocalypse"? Not in some cities. As workers leave cities, unemployment drops.
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United States | June 2017
May was the strongest month for hiring since June 2015. Fewer workers are moving to the San Francisco Bay Area. Healthcare skills are needed in every major U.S. city except for Philadelphia, Cleveland, and St. Louis.
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United States | May 2017
April was the strongest month for hiring since June 2015. Growing cities attract national and international talent, while declining cities attract regional talent. Demand for manufacturing skills is strong along the coasts; not the Midwest.
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United States | April 2017
After an exceptionally strong start to the year, hiring moderated two months in a row. The Northwest and South continue to attract workers. Austin replaced Houston as the city with the third largest skills gap.
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United States | March 2017
January and February were the strongest consecutive months for hiring since August and September 2015. Workers continue to move from the rust belt to the sun and rain belts. Big cities need more teachers, doctors, and nurses.
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United States | February 2017
Hiring up two months in a row. Employers need workers with service-industry skills. Workers flocking to cities with lower cost of living, and access to the great outdoors.
